*cette semaine, mon billet est en anglais pour accommoder les lecteurs du Midwest américain.
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| Photo: Le Journal de Québec (article here) |
Last week (August 6-10), visitors to Québec
arriving at Place Royale by bus or by ferry were greeted by a small group of
people seemingly ripped out of the past. Not just any people or any time: these
were inhabitants of Fort St. Joseph, circa 1760.
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All ages were represented
Photo: Jos Gagné |
Indeed, for a second consecutive year, reenactors
from Michigan and Indiana were invited to the
Fêtes de la Nouvelle-France (or New France Festival) to represent
the Upper Country, or Great Lakes Region. As a reminder that the French colony
was not only comprised of the St. Lawrence valley but also stretched west to
the Prairies and then as far south as New Orleans, this group was a lively and
varied one at that. A village represented in a nutshell, our little group was
made up of a French Marine, a Jesuit missionary, a Canadian
voyageur and his captured English bride,
and of course, a variety of
Habitant
folk. Even all ages were represented: from the delightful young girl to the
wise elderly man, a wide age spectrum was to be found under our tent.
Of course, our weeklong experience was an
adventure in cross-cultural exchanges: not only were we mingling past and
present, but languages as well. After all, most of these American reenactors do
not speak French. Nonetheless, they knew how to share their passion for a
common history. I was there the whole week helping with these exchanges, acting
as a go-between, an interpreter. What a coincidence, really, considering the
character I was embodying was a voyageur
who would have done the same between French merchants and their Native clients.
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Well, at least my costume gets better
every year... (Photo: Jos Gagné) |
The occasion was particularly important this year
since French Ontario had also sent a delegation to highlight the
400th anniversary of French presence in the province. One might say the Great Lakes
were put on a pedestal this year!
An exchange between Michigan and Québec City is
not unheard of: there is already an exchange program between Laval University
and Western Michigan University’s archaeology departments (underused, alas). But
these two years have probably had the biggest impact on breaking the barrier
between both regions. We created public awareness of the American fascination
for French colonial life (more than English Canada has ever cared to show). Not
only did we promote Fort St. Joseph, but we also gave out flyers and
information regarding Fort
Michilimackinac and the
Illinois Country as well.
Who knows how many people will visit the American Midwest thanks to our
suggestions?
Inversely, we kept tabs on where visitors were
coming from. In a nutshell: everywhere. All Canadian provinces except
Newfoundland had visited our setup; many American states came to say hi to
their compatriots, and travelers from as far as Australia enjoyed talking to us
as well. I also feel confident in saying we had many more visitors than last
year.
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Dunno if Joe is pouting because of the rain or because
the festival is almost over (Photo: Jos Gagné) |
If fort St. Joseph is being represented in Québec,
it’s because three years ago, I had contacted M. Stéphan Parent, head director
of the Festival. I had proposed doing a shindig with the Upper Country with
either Ontario or Michigan (I’m originally from the Great Lakes; I felt I had
to wave the flag, so to speak!). Well, sure enough, the idea sparked interest.
This is where my involvement ends: the real credit comes back to M. Parent and
his team who not only came up with the idea of bringing reenactors to Québec,
but also kindly asked me last year to give a talk on the region. We were
already impressed with last year’s experience, so you can imagine how delighted
we were to be invited a second year in a row! Here’s to hoping a third
invitation is in the works!
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Rob having a bit too much fun...
(Photo: Stacy Chriswell) |
All in all, it was a week well spent. I like to
think the presence of our group was especially important in regards to
historical accuracy. Americans are rabid sticklers when it comes to reenacting
(I don’t know if they invented this hobby, but they sure as heck perfected it).
Authenticity is always strived for. And in a festival that is understandably
subject to popular interpretation of history (as we say in French, la mémoire n’égale pas l’histoire),
costumes can sometimes seem closer to fantasy renaissance fairs than anything remotely
resembling French colonial life. Then again, I’ll admit sheepishly that a
friend of mine had poked holes in my belief that I was accurately dressed. Most
of my props were somewhat closer to the 19th century than the 18th. Proof once
again that I might be a historian, but I’m no cultural material specialist... But,
as the point I was getting to, our Michigan gang was a refreshing glimpse of
accuracy and public awareness of it. This said, despite a few observations of
the group regarding what I’ve just described, I did have them realize that
every year the festival gets historically better as more and more people share
in the challenge of trying to be true to the past.
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| Beaver love. (Photo: Jos Gagné) |
As a historian, I can’t help adding my observation
that though I don’t usually practice it outside of the Fêtes de la Nouvelle-France, reenacting is by far one of the best
teaching tools available. Joe, our French Marine, regularly uses his uniform to
teach kids back in Indiana and Michigan about the French colonial past. I find
that walking around in period garb inviting people to touch my beaver pelt is
an instant icebreaker to discussions about the fur trade and its history. Kids
in particular are especially curious with their innumerable questions. Their
bright-eyed queries have stumped me more than once: these are great occasions
for the historian to track down answers to simple but obvious questions he might
never have otherwise thought of in the first place.
The sharing experience was reciprocal. These
reenactors all participate regularly at the
Fort St. Joseph open house. During
this event, they recreate colonial life as visitors come to Niles, Michigan, to
visit the ongoing archaeological digs. Coming to Québec, as one of my friends
put it, gave them a new perspective on how important this history is to modern
Québec and French Canada. We are not talking about a distant, inconsequential
past. This is a past that has created our present, the culture of a/many
people, and the pride of a nation. If the field of history must pride itself in
rigorous scientific study, it must not forget its impact on the public memory
and psyche. These two years of exchanges were opportunities to share what New
France means to each other across the border, and how we will commemorate this
common history together.
That said, our encampment has been the occasion to
develop new friendships as well. Whether last year with Philippe, a historian
with plenty of public history experience from colonial Williamsburg, or this
year with Marie-Hélaine, a local reenactor (who was big help, by the way, in
translating!) or our dear Monique who would come around, obsessed with our
sashes (thank you by the way for the blue one you made for me!), we had plenty of
occasions to exchange knowledge, contacts, and laughter.
Once again, here’s to hoping the Fêtes de la Nouvelle-France will invite
us once more next year!
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| One last goodbye... Photo: Stacy Chriswell |
La Revue du Nouvel-Ontario vient de publier son collectif à l'occasion du colloque Quatre siècles de présence française en Ontario. J'ai eu le plaisir d'y contribuer:
Le 8 septembre 1760, le gouverneur de la Nouvelle-France signe la capitulation de Montréal. L’événement marque la conquête finale du Canada par les armes. Les forces françaises restantes sont sommées de se rendre à l’ennemi. Pourtant, deux factions des troupes de la Marine du Canada feront fi de ces ordres et se replieront en Louisiane, encore sous le contrôle des Français.
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J’adore visiter l’« Open
House » du Fort St. Joseph
Archaeological Project lorsque j’en suis capable. Ce fort, redécouvert en 1998 dans la municipalité de Niles, au
Michigan, fait aujourd’hui l’objet de fouilles archéologiques menées par les
étudiants de la Western Michigan
University. À chaque année au mois d'août, ils invitent le public pour observer leurs travaux. Cela fait depuis 2010 que j’entretiens des relations avec eux pour
me tenir au courant de leurs découvertes annuelles. En août 2012, j’ai eu l’honneur
de me faire inviter à donner une présentation au sujet des miliciens du fort
Saint-Joseph à la Indiana Center for
History de South Bend, à quelques minutes de route de Niles. Alors que j’entreprenais
mes propres fouilles archivistiques pour préparer mon communiqué, je suis tombé
sur un document particulier. Avant de vous le révéler, je dois vous dire que je
savais déjà que l’équipe du fort Saint-Joseph retrouvait régulièrement des
montants exorbitants d’os de chevreuil, sans savoir pourquoi qu’il y en
avait autant! Alors, imaginez ma surprise et ma joie en découvrant un premier
document nous offrant un peu de contexte sur le lien entre ces ossements et l’histoire
du fort. Encore plus excitant, c’était de voir la réaction des archéologues en leur apprenant la nouvelle! (Note : Il se peut que les chiffres ci-dessous soient mal alignés selon votre écran)
